O Independente

Independente's longevity was remarkable, if we take into account that the Macanese newspapers had invariably a very short life, sometimes due to conflicts of interest. The so named "Newspaper of political, news and commercial content" was published between 1868 and 1898. Those thirty years were years of permanent intervention from censure that cost its directors José da Silva and, later on, his son Constâncio José da Silva, detentions, condemnations and the exile in Hong Kong (place where this newspaper was also published). It presented a cultural component of great relevance, giving voice to famous Portuguese authors – Eça de Queirós, Camilo Castelo Branco (from which a letter of great biographical interest was printed) – and other less known authors. In its final stage, Camilo Pessanha was also one of the writers who cooperated with the Independente. In 1898, from the Independente rose another praiseworthy cultural newspaper named O Lusitano – unfortunately, despite having been given 70 numbers to be printed, only two of these reached our days.

Macau, V. 1, no 1 (Sept. 18, 1869) - vol. XVII, series IV, no. 46 (July 24, 1898)

Hong Kong, from September 1869 to May 1870, it was edited by E. Ferreira.